Trigger frameworks can be invaluable in managing triggers during data loads and executing apex tests.
These frameworks often provide a means of disabling triggers either programmatically (for apex tests) and declaratively.
A trigger framework is essentially a set of design patterns or guidelines to handle Salesforce triggers in a more modular, reusable, and controlled manner. It decouples the trigger logic from the trigger itself, centralizing the logic in handler classes that manage various operations. The goal is to avoid issues like:
Multiple triggers on the same object: Salesforce allows multiple triggers to be created for the same object, but this can lead to confusion and performance problems.
Recursive trigger execution: When one trigger fires another, it can create an endless loop or unintentional behaviors.
Hard-to-maintain code: As your org grows, having business logic directly inside triggers can lead to unorganized and brittle code.
A trigger framework separates the concerns of "what" should happen (the business logic) and "when" it should happen (the trigger events like before insert, after update), promoting better code quality and maintenance.
Separation of Concerns: Business logic is moved to handler classes, reducing clutter in the trigger itself.
Reusability: Logic can be reused across triggers, reducing duplication.
Readability: The trigger becomes much cleaner and easier to read.
Avoiding Recursive Trigger Execution: Frameworks handle recursive situations (where a trigger calls itself).
Governor Limit Handling: Frameworks often provide mechanisms for managing Salesforce governor limits, ensuring that operations stay within acceptable limits.
Testing: With a well-defined structure, writing tests becomes easier because the logic is encapsulated in handler classes.
A typical Salesforce trigger framework includes:
a. Trigger Handler Class
This is where the bulk of the logic resides. Instead of placing logic directly inside the trigger, the trigger will call a handler class that executes the required logic.
b. Trigger Context Variables
Trigger context variables allow you to determine what type of operation triggered the logic, such as before insert, after update, etc. These help in controlling what actions need to be taken.
c. Trigger Entry Point
A trigger will have an entry point for different operations like insert, update, delete, etc. The handler class is designed to handle each of these operations based on context.
d. Bulkification
A trigger framework should always adhere to Salesforce’s best practices, including bulkifying code. A bulkified trigger ensures that it can handle large volumes of data without hitting governor limits.